| High Salinity (e.g., textile dyeing, desalination brine) |
RO membranes foul at >10,000 ppm TDS |
DTRO (Disc Tube RO): Handles 50,000+ ppm TDS with 99.5% recovery |
| Toxic Organics (e.g., pharmaceuticals, solvents) |
Biodegradation fails; chemical treatment creates sludge |
Advanced MBR + Halotolerant Bacteria: Degrades 99.8% of organics, zero sludge |
| High Ammonia Nitrogen (e.g., chemical manufacturing) |
Conventional nitrification consumes 40% extra energy |
Anammox + Short-Cut Nitrification: Cuts energy use by 50%; removes 95% nitrogen |
